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Harold Arlen was a highly influential American composer of popular music, renowned for his sophisticated melodies blending jazz, blues, and Broadway styles. Born in Buffalo, NY, Arlen began as a singer and pianist before focusing on composing. He achieved massive success writing songs for Broadway musicals and Hollywood films during the 1930s-1950s. His most iconic work is the score for "The Wizard of Oz" (1939), featuring the timeless "Over the Rainbow." Arlen collaborated extensively with lyricist E. Y. "Yip" Harburg and others like Johnny Mercer and Ted Koehler. He received numerous awards and left an indelible mark on the Great American Songbook.

• Arlen was born Hyman Arluck to a Jewish cantor. He changed his name professionally early in his career, reportedly inspired by the names Harold and Arlen on a theater marquee.
• Despite its later iconic status, "Over the Rainbow" was nearly cut from "The Wizard of Oz" by MGM executives who thought it slowed down the film and was too difficult for a young Judy Garland to sing.
• Arlen faced periods of severe depression throughout his life. He also battled health issues, including pancreatic cancer, which contributed to his death in 1986.