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English rock band formed in Birmingham, credited as pioneers of heavy metal. Formed in 1968 by Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler, and Bill Ward. Released influential albums like 'Paranoid' (1970) and 'Master of Reality' (1971). Underwent multiple lineup changes, with Iommi as the only constant member. Officially disbanded in 2017.

• Guitarist Tony Iommi crafted the band's heavy sound after losing fingertips in a factory accident, leading him to down-tune guitars for easier playing.
• Original singer Ozzy Osbourne was fired in 1979 due to substance abuse issues; replaced by Ronnie James Dio. Osbourne rejoined periodically after 1997.
• Faced protests and album burnings in the 1970s over alleged Satanic themes, though members claimed lyrics explored social issues and horror fiction.
• Drummer Bill Ward refused to participate in final reunion tours (2011-2017) due to "contractual disputes," souring relations with founding members.
• Survived multiple breakups and member deaths (notably Ronnie James Dio in 2010), cementing legacy through Grammy Awards and Rock & Roll Hall of Fame induction (2006).