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Italian Renaissance composer renowned for his development and perfection of polyphonic sacred music, particularly masses and motets, setting the standard for Roman Catholic Church music for centuries. Born in Palestrina near Rome. Became maestro di cappella at the Julian Chapel in St. Peter's Basilica. Composed prolifically, primarily sacred music. Played a key role in the Counter-Reformation's musical reforms. Considered one of the most influential composers of the 16th century.

• He took the name 'da Palestrina' from his hometown. His early career was boosted significantly when Pope Julius III appointed him to the prestigious Cappella Giulia in 1551, bypassing tradition.
• A famous legend, largely debunked by modern scholars, claims his "Missa Papae Marcelli" (Pope Marcellus Mass) convinced the Council of Trent (1545-1563) that polyphony could be clear and devotional enough for liturgical use, thus 'saving' polyphonic church music. While the Council did discuss music, Palestrina's direct role is likely exaggerated, though his style exemplified the desired clarity.
• His personal life was marked by tragedy. His first wife, Lucrezia Gori, and three of their sons died during plague outbreaks in Rome in the 1570s. He later remarried a wealthy widow, Virginia Dormoli.
• He was offered prestigious positions elsewhere (including by Emperor Maximilian II and the Duke of Mantua) but remained primarily in Rome, deeply connected to the Papal chapels.
• Palestrina died in Rome on February 2, 1594, from pleurisy. He was buried in St. Peter's Basilica under a simple slab inscribed "Ioannes Petrus Aloysius Praenestinus Musicae Princeps" (Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Prince of Music).
• His legacy was immense even in his lifetime. His collected works, published posthumously, became foundational texts for the study of counterpoint, influencing composers for centuries.