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Legendary American vocal group renowned as Motown's most successful act, famous for intricate harmonies, sharp choreography, and evolving musical styles.Formed in Detroit in 1960 as The Elgins. Signed with Motown Records in 1961. Pioneered the "Motown Sound" with 4 Billboard Hot 100 #1 hits and 14 R&B #1 singles. Won 3 Grammy Awards, including 1973's Best R&B Performance. Inducted into Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (1989).

• Original member Paul Williams (1939–1973) struggled with alcoholism and sickle-cell anemia; left the group in 1971 and died by suicide two years later.
• Lead singer David Ruffin (1941–1991) was fired in 1968 due to erratic behavior and drug addiction; died of a cocaine overdose after years of substance abuse.
• Bass vocalist Melvin Franklin (1942–1995) battled rheumatoid arthritis throughout his career; died from brain seizure linked to long-term health issues.
• Dennis Edwards (1943–2018), Ruffin's replacement, was fired and rehired multiple times; died from meningitis complications after surviving a 1980s shooting.
• The group's 1968 hit "Cloud Nine" sparked controversy for psychedelic soul sound and perceived drug references but won Motown's first Grammy.