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"Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme," BWV 140, is a famous cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Here are some interesting facts about this work:

1. Title and Text:

   • The title "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" translates to "Wake up, the voice is calling us" in English.
   • The text of the cantata is based on the parable of the ten virgins from the Gospel of Matthew (25:1–13). It is often associated with the themes of vigilance, preparation, and the anticipation of the Second Coming.

2. Commission:

   • Bach composed this cantata in 1731 during his tenure as the Thomaskantor in Leipzig. It was written for the 27th Sunday after Trinity, which fell on November 25, 1731, that year.

3. Structure:

   • "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" is structured in seven movements. It features a combination of recitatives, arias, and chorales, showcasing Bach's mastery in weaving together diverse musical elements.

4. Chorale Melody:

   • The cantata prominently features a chorale melody derived from Philipp Nicolai's hymn "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme." Bach incorporates this melody throughout the work, unifying the composition.

5. Symbolism in the Text:

   • The parable of the ten virgins is rich in symbolism, and Bach masterfully integrates these elements into the music. The theme of being prepared for the arrival of the bridegroom (symbolic of Christ) is reflected in the various movements.

6. Scoring:

   • The cantata is scored for three vocal soloists (soprano, tenor, and bass), mixed choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble that includes strings, oboes, horns, and continuo.

7. Popular Chorale:

   • The chorale from this cantata, often referred to as "Sleepers Wake," has become one of Bach's most famous and recognizable melodies. It has been arranged and adapted by numerous musicians over the centuries.

8. Bach's Theology:

   • Bach, being a devout Lutheran, often infused his compositions with theological depth. "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" is no exception, reflecting themes of eschatology and spiritual awakening.

9. Legacy:

   • The cantata remains a beloved and frequently performed work in the repertoire of Baroque music. Its enduring popularity can be attributed to its captivating melodies, intricate counterpoint, and profound spiritual themes.