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Johann Sebastian Bach's "Matthäuspassion," also known as the St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244b, is one of his most celebrated and monumental works. Here are some interesting facts about this masterpiece:

1. Composition Date: Bach composed the St. Matthew Passion in 1727. It is considered one of his later and more mature works.

2. Scope and Complexity: The St. Matthew Passion is one of the longest and most complex works in Bach's repertoire. It requires double orchestra and choir, soloists, and is divided into two parts. The sheer scale of the composition showcases Bach's intricate craftsmanship and musical genius.

3. Liturgical Context: Bach wrote the St. Matthew Passion for the Good Friday Vespers service. The work reflects the liturgical practices of the time and was intended to be performed as part of the religious observance during the Easter season.

4. Narrative Structure: The St. Matthew Passion tells the story of the Passion of Jesus Christ as described in the Gospel of Matthew. It includes a narrator (Evangelist), solo arias, choruses, and chorales. The narrative structure is both dramatic and contemplative, conveying the emotional depth of the biblical story.

5. Chorales: Bach incorporates Lutheran chorales into the St. Matthew Passion. These chorales serve as moments of reflection and meditation, allowing the listener to contemplate the theological aspects of the Passion story.

6. Double Choir and Orchestra: One notable feature of the St. Matthew Passion is its use of double choir and orchestra. The two groups often engage in dialogue, creating a rich and dynamic musical texture that adds to the emotional impact of the work.

7. Bach's Manuscript: The original manuscript of the St. Matthew Passion is preserved in the Berlin State Library. The manuscript is highly detailed, and Bach's meticulous notations provide insights into his intentions for performance.

8. Revival and Recognition: The St. Matthew Passion gained renewed appreciation in the 19th century, thanks in part to the efforts of Felix Mendelssohn, who conducted a famous revival performance of the work in 1829. This revival played a crucial role in the rediscovery of Bach's music and contributed to Bach's posthumous reputation as a master composer.

9. Universal Appeal: Despite its deeply religious themes, the St. Matthew Passion continues to resonate with audiences worldwide, transcending religious boundaries. Its profound emotional and spiritual content has made it a timeless and universally admired work in the classical music repertoire.

10. Influence on Later Composers: Bach's St. Matthew Passion has influenced countless composers, including Johannes Brahms, Gustav Mahler, and Dmitri Shostakovich. Its impact on the development of Western classical music is immeasurable.

The St. Matthew Passion remains a cornerstone of Bach's oeuvre, celebrated for its complexity, emotional depth, and spiritual resonance.