We have a collection of 14 arrangements for Johann Sebastian Bach - Goldberg Variations, BWV 988: Variation X
What makes Variation X of the Goldberg Variations unique among the set? Learn!
Who's behind the notes? Discover Johann Sebastian Bach: Master of Baroque Music
The Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, is a set of 30 variations for harpsichord composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Here are some interesting facts about this renowned piece:
Commissioned for Count Keyserling: The variations were commissioned by Count Hermann Karl von Keyserling, a Russian ambassador to the electoral court of Saxony. He sought a piece that would be performed by his harpsichordist, Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, to help alleviate his insomnia.
Goldberg as the First Performer: It is often believed that Johann Gottlieb Goldberg was the first performer of the variations. However, there is some debate among scholars about whether Goldberg actually performed the work during Keyserling's sleepless nights.
Aria with 30 Variations: The Goldberg Variations consists of an Aria followed by 30 variations. The Aria is a simple and elegant theme that undergoes intricate transformations in the subsequent variations.
Variety of Forms and Techniques: Bach displays a remarkable variety of musical forms and techniques in the variations, including canons, fugues, dances, and more. Each variation is a unique exploration of musical expression.
Quodlibet: The final variation, Variation 30, is a quodlibet, a playful combination of different melodies. It includes the popular folk songs "Ich bin so lang nicht bei dir g'west, ruck her" and "Kraut und Rüben haben mich vertrieben, hätt mein' Mutter Fleisch gekocht, wär ich länger blieben" ("Cabbages and turnips have driven me away, had my mother cooked meat, I'd have opted to stay longer").
Intellectual and Musical Mastery: The Goldberg Variations are not only a masterpiece of musical artistry but also an intellectual challenge. The variations showcase Bach's technical prowess and deep understanding of musical structures.
Keyboard Technique: The piece is known for its demanding keyboard technique, with intricate hand crossings, ornamentation, and expressive phrasing. It remains a staple in the repertoire of pianists and harpsichordists alike.
Published in "Clavier-Übung IV": The Goldberg Variations were published as the fourth and final part of Bach's "Clavier-Übung" ("Keyboard Practice"). This collection also includes other significant keyboard works.
Influence on Later Composers: The Goldberg Variations have inspired countless musicians and composers over the centuries. Notable pianist Glenn Gould's recordings in the 1950s and 1980s brought the variations to a broader audience.
Challenges and Rewards: Performing the Goldberg Variations is considered a significant challenge for musicians due to its technical demands and interpretive complexities. However, it is also immensely rewarding for both performers and listeners.
Bach's Goldberg Variations continue to captivate audiences and musicians, showcasing the timeless brilliance of his musical genius.