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The Toccata, Adagio, and Fugue in C major, BWV 564, is a notable work by Johann Sebastian Bach. Here are some interesting facts about this composition:

1. Composition Date: Bach likely composed this piece during his tenure in Weimar, around 1707-1708. This period is often referred to as his Weimar years, during which he held the position of court organist and concertmaster.

2. Structure:

   • Toccata: The piece begins with a lively and virtuosic toccata, a musical form typically characterized by fast, improvised-sounding passages. Bach's toccatas are known for their technical challenges and intricate ornamentation.
   • Adagio: Following the toccata is an Adagio, a slow and expressive section. This part contrasts with the fast and brilliant nature of the toccata, showcasing Bach's ability to explore diverse emotions within a single composition.
   • Fugue: The work concludes with a fugue, a contrapuntal form where a short melodic theme is introduced and successively imitated by other voices. Bach's fugues are celebrated for their intellectual depth and structural complexity.

3. Instrumentation: The Toccata, Adagio, and Fugue in C major is primarily written for the organ, an instrument for which Bach was renowned. The composition takes full advantage of the organ's capabilities, including its wide range and dynamic possibilities.

4. Toccata Influence: The toccata portion of BWV 564 is often compared to Bach's famous Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565. Both works showcase Bach's mastery of the toccata form, with elaborate flourishes and brilliant figurations.

5. Adagio's Melodic Beauty: The Adagio section is particularly known for its melodic beauty and expressive character. Bach employs rich harmonies and poignant melodies to create a profound and introspective atmosphere.

6. Fugue Complexity: The fugue in this composition is marked by its intricate counterpoint and thematic development. Bach's fugues are renowned for their intellectual rigor and remain staples in the study of counterpoint and composition.

7. Legacy: The Toccata, Adagio, and Fugue in C major, BWV 564, is considered a significant work in Bach's organ repertoire. Its three contrasting movements showcase the composer's versatility and innovation in the realm of Baroque organ music.

BWV 564 stands as a testament to Bach's profound musical genius and his ability to weave technical brilliance with emotional depth in his compositions.