We have a collection of 15 arrangements for Johann Sebastian Bach - Goldberg Variations, BWV 988
Did Bach really compose these variations to help Count Kaiserling sleep? Learn!
Who's behind the notes? Discover Johann Sebastian Bach: Master of Baroque Music
The Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, is a set of 30 variations composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Here are some interesting facts about this iconic work:
Commissioned for Count Keyserlingk: The variations were commissioned by Count Hermann Karl von Keyserlingk, who suffered from insomnia. He requested Bach to compose a piece that his harpsichordist, Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, could play during sleepless nights.
Published as "Aria with Diverse Variations": The Goldberg Variations were published in 1741 under the title "Aria with Diverse Variations." The name "Goldberg Variations" became popular later.
Structure: The work consists of an aria and 30 variations. The aria, a simple and elegant melody, is followed by variations that explore different techniques, styles, and moods.
Canonic Structure: Bach ingeniously structured the variations so that every third variation is a canon, where one voice imitates another. The canons increase in complexity as the work progresses.
Challenging Keyboard Technique: The Goldberg Variations are known for their technical demands on the performer. They require virtuosic skill and a deep understanding of Baroque ornamentation.
Numerological Significance: Some scholars suggest that Bach embedded numerological symbolism in the variations. For example, the variations are in groups of three, and the total number of variations (30) is a multiple of 3 and 10.
Wide Range of Styles: The variations showcase a wide range of styles, from dance forms like gigues and sarabandes to more intricate contrapuntal variations.
Contrast in Expression: Bach achieves a remarkable contrast in expression throughout the variations, from joyful and lively to introspective and melancholic.
Popularization in the 20th Century: The Goldberg Variations gained widespread popularity in the 20th century, especially after the renowned Canadian pianist Glenn Gould's recordings in 1955 and 1981.
Adaptations and Transcriptions: The work has been adapted and transcribed for various instruments, including piano, string trio, and orchestra, showcasing its enduring appeal and adaptability.
The Goldberg Variations remain a masterpiece of Baroque music, celebrated for its intellectual depth, expressive richness, and technical brilliance.