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Johann Sebastian Bach's Matthäuspassion, or St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244b, is one of the most renowned and significant works in the Baroque choral repertoire. Here are some interesting facts about this masterpiece:

1. Composition and Premiere:

   • Bach composed the St. Matthew Passion in 1727 for the Good Friday Vespers service at the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, where he served as the Thomaskantor (director of music).

2. Biblical Inspiration:

   • The Matthäuspassion is based on the Gospel of Matthew, chapters 26 and 27, which narrate the events leading up to and including the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

3. Bifocal Structure:

   • The passion is known for its bifocal structure, with two main components: the Gospel narrative (directly taken from the Bible) and reflective chorales and arias that comment on the events. This structure provides a dramatic and contemplative experience.

4. Double Choir and Orchestra:

   • One of the distinctive features of the St. Matthew Passion is its use of a double choir and orchestra. The two choirs and orchestras often engage in dialogue, creating a rich and complex texture.

5. Chorales:

   • Bach integrated well-known Lutheran chorales into the work, allowing the congregation to participate in the performance. These chorales are familiar hymns that would have been sung by the audience during the Good Friday service.

6. Singing Evangelist:

   • The role of the Evangelist, who narrates the Gospel text, is typically sung by a tenor. This character is central to the storytelling aspect of the work.

7. Emotional Depth:

   • Bach masterfully captures the emotional depth of the Passion story through the expressive and poignant arias. The arias often feature solo voices accompanied by instruments, providing moments of reflection and introspection.

8. Use of Instruments:

   • The St. Matthew Passion features a wide array of instruments, including strings, woodwinds, brass, and continuo instruments. Each instrument is used with precision to convey specific emotions and nuances in the narrative.

9. Monumental Scale:

   • The work is monumental in scale, with a performing ensemble that includes soloists, double choir, double orchestra, and continuo. This grand scale contributes to the dramatic impact of the piece.

10. Legacy:

    • Bach's St. Matthew Passion is considered one of the supreme achievements of Western classical music. It has had a profound influence on subsequent generations of composers and remains a cornerstone of the choral and orchestral repertoire.

The St. Matthew Passion continues to be performed and celebrated for its profound spirituality, musical innovation, and emotional impact.