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"Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Now come, Savior of the heathens) is a chorale prelude composed by Johann Sebastian Bach as part of his larger collection known as the "Orgelbüchlein" (Little Organ Book). Here are some interesting facts about this particular composition:

1. Origin and Purpose:

   • Bach composed the "Orgelbüchlein" as a collection of short organ preludes for liturgical use. Each prelude is based on a Lutheran chorale, and "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" is one of them.

2. Chorale Background:

   • The chorale itself is attributed to Martin Luther and is based on the Latin hymn "Veni redemptor gentium." Bach's setting of this chorale captures the solemnity and anticipation associated with Advent.

3. BWV 659:

   • The specific chorale prelude you mentioned, BWV 659, is notable for its intricate ornamentation and expressive qualities. It stands out as one of Bach's masterful works for the organ.

4. Musical Structure:

   • Like many of Bach's compositions, BWV 659 exhibits a high level of contrapuntal skill. The voices interweave in a complex and harmonically rich texture, showcasing Bach's mastery of polyphony.

5. Theological Significance:

   • The text of the chorale reflects on the anticipation of the Savior's arrival and the joy associated with the Advent season. Bach's musical setting enhances the theological depth of the text through its emotive and contemplative character.

6. Symbolic Use in the Liturgy:

   • Bach's chorale preludes, including BWV 659, were intended for use in the Lutheran liturgy. They would be played as part of the organ music during church services, contributing to the overall worship experience.

7. Legacy:

   • Bach's organ works, including the "Orgelbüchlein," have left a lasting impact on the history of organ music. His innovative use of counterpoint and harmonic exploration in works like BWV 659 continues to be studied and admired by musicians and scholars alike.

"Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" is a profound example of Bach's ability to infuse deep theological meaning into his compositions while showcasing his technical prowess as a composer for the organ.