We have a collection of 22 arrangements for Johann Sebastian Bach - Goldberg Variations, BWV 988: Variation XX
What keyboard masterpiece features 30 virtuosic variations based on a sarabande? Learn!
Who's behind the notes? Discover Johann Sebastian Bach: Master of Baroque Music
The Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, is one of Johann Sebastian Bach's most famous keyboard works. Here are some interesting facts about this masterpiece:
Dedication to Count Keyserlingk: The variations were commissioned by Count Hermann Karl von Keyserlingk, who suffered from insomnia. He sought music that his harpsichordist, Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, could play to him during sleepless nights. Hence, the piece was named after Goldberg.
Musical Complexity and Unity: Comprising 30 variations, the Goldberg Variations demonstrate Bach's mastery of counterpoint and musical forms. It's divided into groups of 10, each ending with a canon. The complexity of the piece lies in the contrapuntal writing, where multiple melodies intertwine and overlap.
Aria with Diverse Variations: The work begins and ends with an Aria. The Aria is a simple, beautiful melody followed by 30 variations exploring diverse styles, tempos, and techniques. Some variations are virtuosic, while others are more contemplative or playful.
Technical Challenges: Performers face significant technical challenges due to the variations' demanding nature. They require dexterity, control, and interpretative skill to navigate the complexities of Bach's writing.
Mathematical Precision: The Goldberg Variations showcase Bach's use of mathematical structures and patterns in music. The piece exhibits intricate symmetry and mathematical relationships, revealing Bach's profound understanding of musical structure.
Popularization through Recordings: Various pianists and harpsichordists have recorded the Goldberg Variations, contributing to its popularity. Some notable recordings include those by Glenn Gould, who recorded it twice (in 1955 and 1981), bringing the piece to a wider audience.
Influence on Music: The Goldberg Variations have had a lasting impact on the history of music. Many composers, including Beethoven, Brahms, and Shostakovich, have admired and been inspired by Bach's work, incorporating its techniques into their compositions.
Mystery Surrounding Its Purpose: Despite being commissioned for Count Keyserlingk, there's uncertainty whether the piece was actually intended as a sleep aid or if it was more of a display of Bach's compositional prowess.
The Goldberg Variations remain a pinnacle of keyboard literature, admired for its artistic depth, technical challenges, and profound musical beauty.