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Franz Liszt's "Études d'exécution transcendante," S.139, is a remarkable set of 12 virtuosic piano etudes composed between 1826 and 1852. These etudes are considered some of the most challenging and groundbreaking works in the piano repertoire. Here are some interesting facts about Franz Liszt and his "Études d'exécution transcendante":

1. Origin of the Études: Liszt initially composed these pieces as a set of six etudes in the 1820s, known as the "Études en douze exercices." Later, he revised and expanded them into the "Études d'exécution transcendante" in the 1830s and 1850s.

2. Revolutionary Technique: These etudes pushed the boundaries of piano technique at the time. They were designed not just as exercises but as concert pieces that demanded exceptional technical prowess from the pianist.

3. Dedication: Liszt dedicated the set to his piano teacher, Carl Czerny, a renowned composer and virtuoso pianist. Czerny himself was known for his numerous piano studies, and his influence can be seen in Liszt's work.

4. Musical Variety: Each of the 12 etudes explores different technical challenges and musical styles. From rapid octave passages to thundering octaves and lyrical melodies, Liszt's range of expression is vast.

5. Transcendental Themes: The title "Études d'exécution transcendante" suggests a spiritual or transcendent quality to the music. Liszt may have intended these pieces to represent a higher level of piano playing, transcending the ordinary.

6. Chopin's Influence: Liszt's close friend and fellow composer Frédéric Chopin also composed a set of 12 etudes (Op. 10 and Op. 25). Liszt's "Études d'exécution transcendante" can be seen as a response to Chopin's works, emphasizing even more extreme technical demands.

7. Difficulty: These etudes are notoriously difficult to perform, even for professional pianists. They require exceptional finger strength, dexterity, and control.

8. Transformative Impact: Liszt's "Études d'exécution transcendante" played a pivotal role in the evolution of piano technique and composition. They influenced many later composers and pianists, setting new standards for virtuosity.

9. Revisions: Liszt continued to revise and refine these etudes throughout his life. As a result, there are multiple versions of some of the etudes, reflecting his evolving compositional style and pianistic insights.

10. Legacy: The influence of Liszt's "Études d'exécution transcendante" can be seen in the works of later composers such as Sergei Rachmaninoff and Claude Debussy, who were inspired by Liszt's innovative approach to piano writing.

These etudes remain a cornerstone of the piano repertoire and continue to challenge and inspire pianists and audiences alike with their technical brilliance and expressive depth.