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Johannes Brahms's "21 Hungarian Dances" is a collection of orchestral pieces, originally composed for piano four hands, which means they were intended to be played by two pianists on the same piano. Here are some interesting facts about this famous work:

1. Origins: Brahms composed the Hungarian Dances between 1857 and 1869. He based these dances on Hungarian and Romani (Gypsy) themes, which he heard during his travels and from various sources.

2. Original Instrumentation: The original version of these dances was written for piano four hands, but Brahms later orchestrated them. The orchestral version gained immense popularity and is more commonly performed today.

3. Diversity: The Hungarian Dances are known for their diverse character and tempo. They range from lively and playful to slow and melancholic, showcasing Brahms's mastery in composing a wide range of emotions.

4. Collaboration: Brahms collaborated with the violinist Joseph Joachim to create the orchestral versions of some of the Hungarian Dances. Joachim, a close friend of Brahms, helped with the arrangement and orchestration.

5. Publication: The dances were first published in sets of four and later compiled into a complete collection of 21 dances. Each dance is relatively short and distinct.

6. Popularization: The Hungarian Dances are some of Brahms's most popular and frequently performed compositions. They played a significant role in establishing his reputation as a composer.

7. Inspiration: Brahms was inspired by the works of Hungarian composers such as Franz Liszt and traditional Hungarian and Romani folk music when creating these dances. He aimed to capture the essence of Hungarian and Romani music in his compositions.

8. Symphonic Dances: Brahms's orchestration of the Hungarian Dances adds a symphonic quality to the original piano pieces. They are often performed by full orchestras and have become staples of the orchestral repertoire.

9. Varied Instruments: The orchestral version of the Hungarian Dances uses a wide variety of instruments, including strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion, to create a rich and colorful sound palette.

10. Dance Form: Each Hungarian Dance is based on a specific dance style or form, such as czárdás, verbunkos, or csárdás. These dances were popular in Hungary and contributed to the overall diversity of the collection.

11. No. 5: Hungarian Dance No. 5 in F-sharp minor is perhaps the most famous of the set. It is known for its lively and energetic melody, making it a favorite among audiences and performers alike.

12. Influence: Brahms's Hungarian Dances had a significant influence on later composers and musicians, inspiring them to incorporate elements of Eastern European folk music into their works.

Brahms's "21 Hungarian Dances" are a testament to his skill in adapting and transforming folk themes into classical compositions, and they continue to delight audiences with their vibrant and captivating melodies.