Why is this chorale considered one of the most profound moments in Bach's St. Matthew Passion? Learn!
Who's behind the notes? Discover Johann Sebastian Bach: Master of Baroque Music
Johann Sebastian Bach's "Matthäuspassion," also known as the "St. Matthew Passion," BWV 244b, is a monumental work in the history of Western classical music. Here are some interesting facts about this composition:
Biblical Narrative: The Matthäuspassion is an oratorio that tells the story of the Passion of Jesus Christ as described in the Gospel of Matthew. It is one of two surviving Passions composed by Bach, the other being the "Johannes-Passion" (St. John Passion, BWV 245).
Double Chorus and Orchestra: One of the distinctive features of this composition is the use of two choirs and two orchestras. They are often referred to as the "ripieno" and "concertino" groups, and Bach skillfully alternates between them to create rich and expressive musical contrasts.
Dialogues: The St. Matthew Passion features dialogues between soloists and two distinct choirs, with one choir representing the crowd and the other portraying the disciples and other characters in the story. This dramatic dialogue adds depth and emotion to the narrative.
Chorales: Bach incorporated Lutheran chorales into the work, which would have been familiar to the congregations of his time. These chorales provide moments of reflection and meditation within the larger narrative.
Use of Instruments: Bach employed a variety of instruments, including strings, woodwinds, and brass, to create a diverse and vivid orchestral palette. Notably, the piece includes instruments like the viola da gamba and the lute, which were somewhat unusual for the time.
Monumental Structure: The Matthäuspassion is divided into two parts, each with multiple sections. The first part focuses on the events leading up to the crucifixion, while the second part deals with the crucifixion itself and its aftermath. The structure of the work is complex and carefully crafted.
Premiere Date: The exact date of the composition's premiere is debated, but it is generally believed to have been first performed in Leipzig on Good Friday, April 11, 1727. This date falls within Bach's tenure as the Thomaskantor (music director) in Leipzig.
Rediscovery: After Bach's death, his music fell into relative obscurity for some time. It was not until the 19th century, thanks to the efforts of composers like Felix Mendelssohn, that the St. Matthew Passion and Bach's other works gained widespread recognition and acclaim.
Influence: Bach's Matthäuspassion has had a profound influence on subsequent generations of composers and remains a cornerstone of the choral and orchestral repertoire. It is considered one of the greatest achievements of Western classical music.
Modern Performances: Today, the St. Matthew Passion is regularly performed around the world, especially during the Lenten season leading up to Easter. Its enduring popularity and emotional power continue to captivate audiences and musicians alike.