How did Bach's cantata BWV 140 influence his Schübler Chorales? Learn!
Who's behind the notes? Discover Johann Sebastian Bach: Master of Baroque Music
"Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" (translated as "Wake, awake, for night is flying") is a renowned cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It's officially cataloged as BWV 140 in the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (Bach Works Catalog), which is the system used to identify Bach's compositions. Here are some interesting facts about this masterpiece:
Composed in 1731: Bach wrote "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" in 1731, during his tenure as the Thomaskantor (Director of Music) at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Germany. It was part of a series of six cantatas he composed to be performed on Sundays between Trinity and Advent.
Based on a Hymn: The text for the cantata is based on Philipp Nicolai's hymn "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme." Bach borrowed the text and melody from this hymn and incorporated them into the cantata.
Symbolism in the Text: The text of the cantata is deeply symbolic, drawing on the theme of the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins from the Gospel of Matthew (25:1-13). The hymn and cantata use this allegory to emphasize the need for spiritual preparedness.
Three Movements: "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" is composed of three movements. The first and last movements are choral, while the central movement features a duet. Bach masterfully combines various musical elements, including recitatives, arias, and chorales, to create a rich and expressive piece.
Cantata Structure: The cantata consists of an instrumental sinfonia, which sets the tone for the piece, followed by the three vocal movements. The first movement is a tenor aria, the second a duet for soprano and bass, and the third a choral setting of the hymn's final verse.
Use of a Chorale: Bach's cantata is known for its prominent use of the chorale, which is woven into the fabric of the composition. The chorale melody is often sung by the soprano line and is supported by rich harmonies in the orchestra and other vocal parts.
Biblical References: Besides the primary reference to the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins, the cantata also includes biblical passages and imagery, creating a multi-layered and spiritually resonant work.
Enduring Popularity: "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" remains one of Bach's most popular and frequently performed cantatas. Its beauty, emotional depth, and spiritual message continue to captivate both performers and audiences.
Recordings and Performances: This cantata has been recorded by numerous orchestras and choirs and is a staple in the repertoire of many Baroque music ensembles. It is often performed in churches and concert halls around the world.
J.S. Bach's Legacy: Bach's compositions, including "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme," continue to be celebrated for their musical and spiritual significance. His works have left an enduring mark on the world of classical music.
"Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" is a prime example of Bach's genius in blending religious themes with exceptional musical craftsmanship, and it stands as a testament to his enduring influence on Western classical music.