How did Bach transform Nicolai's hymn into one of the most celebrated cantatas of the Baroque era? Learn!
Who's behind the notes? Discover Johann Sebastian Bach: Master of Baroque Music
"Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" (translated as "Awake, the voice is calling us") is a famous cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Here are some interesting facts about BWV 140:
Composition Date: Bach composed "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" in 1731. It is a sacred cantata, specifically written for the 27th Sunday after Trinity.
Biblical Inspiration: The cantata is based on the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins from the Gospel of Matthew (25:1–13). The text for the cantata was likely written by Philipp Nicolai, a Lutheran pastor and poet.
Cantata Structure: "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" is structured into seven movements. It begins with a chorale fantasia followed by alternating recitatives and arias, and it concludes with a chorale.
Chorale Tune: The melody used for the opening chorale is derived from the Lutheran hymn "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme," written by Philipp Nicolai. This hymn was later incorporated into the Lutheran hymnal.
Symbolism in the Text: The parable of the ten virgins is a metaphor for the Second Coming of Christ, emphasizing the need for spiritual preparedness. The cantata's text reflects on the themes of vigilance, readiness, and the anticipation of the arrival of the bridegroom.
Bach's Use of Instruments: Bach's instrumentation for this cantata includes strings, oboes, and continuo. The scoring is rich and expressive, enhancing the emotional impact of the text.
Bach's Unique Approach: In the final movement of the cantata, Bach incorporates a familiar hymn tune into a grand chorale setting. This technique, known as a chorale fantasia, was a distinctive feature of Bach's sacred compositions.
Popular and Influential: "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" is one of Bach's most well-known and frequently performed cantatas. Its enduring popularity can be attributed to its beautiful melodies, profound text, and the masterful way Bach combined vocal and instrumental elements.
Adaptations and Arrangements: The music of BWV 140 has been adapted and arranged for various ensembles over the years. It has been transcribed for different instruments, including organ and piano, allowing its beauty to be appreciated in different musical contexts.
Legacy: Bach's "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" continues to be celebrated for its spiritual depth, musical craftsmanship, and enduring appeal. It stands as a testament to Bach's ability to convey profound theological themes through his exceptional musical compositions.