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Franz Liszt's "Études d'exécution transcendante," S.139, is a set of twelve virtuosic piano studies that showcase not only technical brilliance but also musical expression. Here are some interesting facts about this significant work:

1. Title and Transcendental Execution:

   • The title "Études d'exécution transcendante" translates to "Transcendental Études" in English. The word "transcendental" reflects Liszt's intention to create studies that go beyond mere technical exercises and instead elevate the performer to a higher level of artistic expression.

2. Evolution of the Études:

   • Liszt initially composed a set of twelve études in the 1820s, titled "Études en douze exercices." He later revised and expanded the collection in the 1830s, transforming them into the transcendental pieces we know today.

3. Challenging Technical Demands:

   • The Transcendental Études are renowned for their formidable technical challenges, pushing the limits of what a pianist can achieve. They demand exceptional finger dexterity, strength, agility, and control.

4. Musical Variety:

   • While these études are technically demanding, Liszt also infused them with expressive and poetic elements. Each étude explores different technical aspects while presenting unique musical characters, making them not only exercises in technique but also pieces of great artistic value.

5. Dedication and Inspiration:

   • The set is dedicated to Liszt's contemporary and fellow composer, Carl Czerny. Czerny himself was a prolific composer of études and exercises for the piano, and Liszt's dedication reflects his admiration for Czerny's contributions to piano pedagogy.

6. Revolutionary Approach:

   • Liszt's Transcendental Études played a pivotal role in the development of piano technique and composition. They marked a departure from traditional études, as Liszt sought to create works that were not only technically challenging but also artistically meaningful.

7. Transformation of Virtuosity:

   • The Études played a crucial role in redefining the concept of virtuosity. Rather than mere flashy displays of technical prowess, Liszt aimed to integrate virtuosity with artistic expression, paving the way for the Romantic era's emphasis on emotional and dramatic content in music.

8. Literary Influences:

   • Liszt was known for drawing inspiration from various sources, including literature. Some of the Études were inspired by literary works. For example, the sixth étude, "Vision," is associated with a poem by Alphonse de Lamartine.

9. Prolific Pianist and Composer:

   • Liszt, in addition to being a composer, was one of the most virtuosic pianists of his time. He often performed his own compositions, including the Transcendental Études, contributing to their popularity.

10. Legacy:

    • The Transcendental Études remain a cornerstone of the piano repertoire and are considered among the most challenging and rewarding works for pianists. They continue to be studied and performed by pianists worldwide, showcasing Liszt's lasting impact on piano music.