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"Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder," BWV 135, is a chorale cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Here are some interesting facts about this piece:

1. Composition Date: Bach composed "Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder" in Leipzig for the 11th Sunday after Trinity. The exact date of composition is believed to be around 1724-1725.

2. Chorale Melody: The cantata is based on the hymn "Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder," written by Johann Heermann. Bach often incorporated chorale melodies into his cantatas, and in this case, he used the chorale melody as the foundation for the entire work.

3. Structural Elements: The cantata follows the typical structure of Bach's chorale cantatas, consisting of a mixture of recitatives, arias, and chorales. It reflects Bach's skillful blending of traditional Lutheran hymnody with intricate Baroque musical forms.

4. Biblical References: The text of the cantata is based on various Bible passages, emphasizing themes of repentance, mercy, and salvation. It is a reflective and introspective work that explores the individual's relationship with God.

5. Theology in Music: Bach's cantatas, including "Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder," often served a dual purpose of both musical and theological expression. The music was not only a form of artistic beauty but also a means of conveying religious messages and reflecting on Christian doctrines.

6. Instrumentation: The instrumentation typical for Bach's cantatas includes strings, woodwinds, and continuo. The scoring may vary between different movements, allowing for a diverse range of musical textures throughout the work.

7. Liturgical Context: Bach's cantatas were primarily composed for performance during the Lutheran liturgy. "Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder" would have been presented as part of a church service, contributing to the overall worship experience.

"Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder" is a beautiful example of Bach's mastery in combining theological depth with musical brilliance in the context of a chorale cantata.