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This organ sonata is part of a set of six composed for pedal harpsichord, showcasing Bach's mastery of polyphonic writing. The work follows the trio sonata format with two manual parts and pedal bass, reflecting Italian influences while maintaining German contrapuntal rigor.

Bach's Organ Sonata No. 5 merges the traditional trio sonata format (two melodic lines + basso continuo) into a solo keyboard work, assigning each voice to hands and pedals—a revolutionary synthesis of chamber and liturgical traditions.

Organ Sonata No. 5 in C major, BWV 529 is one of six sonatas Bach composed for organ, likely between 1727 and 1731 during his time in Leipzig. Unlike typical Baroque organ works, these sonatas are structured in three-movement Italian concerto form (fast-slow-fast). The sonata demonstrates Bach's exceptional contrapuntal skill and was possibly written for pedagogical purposes for his eldest son, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach.