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Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-flat major, Op. 81a, by Ludwig van Beethoven, is commonly known as the "Les Adieux" Sonata. It was composed between 1809 and 1810 and is notable for its unique story and structure. Here are some interesting facts about this composition:

1. Dedication: Beethoven dedicated the sonata to his close friend and patron, Archduke Rudolf of Austria. The title "Les Adieux" (French for "The Farewells") was added later by Beethoven's friend and music publisher, Aloysius Schindler, to commemorate the Archduke's departure from Vienna due to Napoleon's occupation of the city in 1809.

2. Three-Movement Structure: Unlike most of Beethoven's sonatas, which typically have four movements, Op. 81a consists of three movements:

   • Das Lebewohl (The Farewell): This slow and expressive movement reflects the sadness of Beethoven's farewell to his friend. It is marked "Adagio - Allegro."
   • Abwesenheit (The Absence): This is a melancholic and introspective movement, marked "Andante espressivo." It conveys the loneliness and longing Beethoven felt during Rudolf's absence.
   • Das Wiedersehen (The Return): The final movement is marked "Vivacissimamente" and is a joyful and lively conclusion, representing the Archduke's return and the celebration of their reunion.

3. Descriptive Music: Beethoven's use of descriptive titles for each movement was relatively uncommon during his time, making this sonata stand out in terms of its programmatic elements.

4. Innovative Harmonies: Beethoven was known for pushing the boundaries of traditional harmony, and this sonata is no exception. It contains harmonic innovations and modulations that were quite daring for the early 19th century.

5. Emotional Depth: The "Les Adieux" Sonata is admired for its emotional depth and the way Beethoven used music to convey his personal feelings and experiences. It's often seen as an autobiographical work reflecting Beethoven's friendship with the Archduke and the turbulent historical context of the time.

6. Notable Recordings: Over the years, many renowned pianists have recorded this sonata, each bringing their interpretation to the piece. Some notable recordings include those by Artur Schnabel, Wilhelm Kempff, and Claudio Arrau, among others.

7. Relationship with Archduke Rudolf: Archduke Rudolf was not only a patron of Beethoven but also one of his piano students. Beethoven dedicated several other works to Rudolf, including his "Archduke Trio" (Op. 97) and the "Missa Solemnis" (Op. 123).

Beethoven's "Les Adieux" Sonata, Op. 81a, remains a cherished composition in the classical piano repertoire, appreciated for its emotional expressiveness and the unique narrative it conveys through music.