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Duke Ellington, born Edward Kennedy Ellington on April 29, 1899, in Washington, D.C., was one of the most influential figures in the history of jazz and American music. Here are some interesting facts about Duke Ellington and his famous composition, "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)":

1. Early Life and Education:

   • Ellington began playing the piano at the age of seven and started taking lessons around the age of 14. His artistic education was largely informal, and he was largely self-taught.

2. Nicknames:

   • Ellington acquired the nickname "Duke" early in life. It is said that the nickname was given to him by a childhood friend who admired his regal and gentlemanly manners.

3. Musical Career:

   • Duke Ellington's career spanned over six decades, during which he composed thousands of songs, many of which have become jazz standards.
   • He led his orchestra from 1923 until his death in 1974, and the Duke Ellington Orchestra became one of the most famous and enduring big bands in the history of jazz.

4. "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)":

   • The song "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" was composed by Ellington with lyrics by Irving Mills. It was first recorded in 1931 and has since become one of Ellington's most famous and enduring compositions.
   • The phrase "It don't mean a thing if it ain't got that swing" has become a mantra for jazz enthusiasts and represents the idea that jazz music, to be truly enjoyable, must have a certain rhythmic and stylistic quality.

5. Influence of Swing Era:

   • Duke Ellington and his orchestra played a crucial role in the swing era, which was a prominent period in the 1930s and 1940s that saw the rise of big band jazz and swing dance music.

6. Recognition and Awards:

   • Ellington received numerous awards throughout his career, including multiple Grammy Awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Legion of Honor from France.

7. Collaborations and Innovations:

   • Ellington collaborated with many other jazz legends, including Billy Strayhorn, Johnny Hodges, and Cootie Williams. His innovative approach to orchestration and composition set him apart in the jazz world.

8. Ambassador of Jazz:

   • Ellington and his orchestra toured extensively, both nationally and internationally, earning him the title "Ambassador of Jazz."

9. Film and Television:

   • Ellington also had a presence in film and television, composing music for movies such as "Anatomy of a Murder" (1959) and making appearances on various television programs.

Duke Ellington's impact on jazz and American music is immeasurable, and his legacy continues to influence musicians across genres to this day.