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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a preeminent Russian composer of the Romantic era, renowned for his emotionally expressive and melodically rich orchestral works, ballets, operas, and chamber music.Born in Votkinsk, Russia, Tchaikovsky initially trained for a career in civil service before studying music at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. Despite personal struggles, including his concealed homosexuality and a disastrously brief marriage, he achieved immense national and international fame duri...

Norwegian composer and pianist renowned for incorporating Norwegian folk music into Romantic classical compositions, creating a distinctive national style.Born in Bergen, Norway. Studied at Leipzig Conservatory. Championed Norwegian musical nationalism....

Edward Elgar was a preeminent English composer of the late Romantic era, celebrated for his orchestral works, oratorios, and songs, embodying the spirit of Edwardian Britain.Largely self-taught, Elgar rose from humble origins as a provincial musician's son in Worcester to become the first internationally significant English composer since Purcell. His breakthrough came relatively late with the 'Enigma Variations' (1899). He achieved immense popularity with works like the 'Pomp and Circumstanc...

Russian composer renowned for innovative nationalism in 19th-century classical musicBorn into Russian nobility, Mussorgsky initially pursued military service before dedicating himself to music. A self-taught composer and member of 'The Five,' he created groundbreaking works like the opera Boris Godunov and piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. Despite his aristocratic background, he died impoverished at 42 due to alcoholism....

Japanese composer and conductor known as the father of video game music, famous for his Dragon Quest scores.Koichi Sugiyama revolutionized video game music through his orchestral compositions for the Dragon Quest series. Born in Tokyo, he initially worked in advertising and TV before transitioning to game music in 1986. His symphonic approach elevated game soundtracks to concert-hall status, influencing generations of composers....

Seminal Brazilian composer and pianist, considered a foundational figure in the development of Brazilian popular music, particularly the choro genre.Born in Rio de Janeiro, Nazareth received classical piano training but became renowned for composing and performing uniquely Brazilian music. His work masterfully blended European dance forms (polka, waltz, tango) with Afro-Brazilian rhythms, creating the distinct 'tango brasileiro' or choro. He published over 200 pieces, many becoming enduring c...

German composer, conductor, pianist, and critic, a pivotal figure in early Romantic music and founder of German Romantic opera.Born in Eutin, Germany, Weber demonstrated musical talent from childhood. He studied under Michael Haydn and Abbé Vogler, held positions in Breslau, Prague, and Dresden, and revolutionized opera with works like Der Freischütz. Died in London during preparations for his opera Oberon....

Russian composer, chemist, and prominent member of 'The Mighty Handful' known for blending Russian folk themes with Romantic orchestration.Borodin was born an illegitimate son of a Georgian prince.Trained as a chemist, he became a respected professor.Composed music primarily as an avocation alongside his scientific career.A key figure in Russian nationalist music alongside Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Cui, and Balakirev.His most famous works include the opera 'Prince Igor' (featuring the 'Pol...

Russian composer, pianist, conductor, and pivotal leader of the nationalist music group 'The Mighty Handful'.Born in Nizhny Novgorod, Balakirev emerged as a self-taught musical prodigy. After moving to St. Petersburg in 1855, he became Mikhail Glinka's protégé. In 1862, he co-founded 'The Mighty Handful' (or 'The Five'), mentoring composers like Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin....

Manuel de Falla was a seminal Spanish composer of the early 20th century, renowned for integrating authentic Spanish folk music, particularly Andalusian flamenco elements, into sophisticated classical forms.Born in Cádiz, Spain, de Falla studied music locally and later in Madrid.He lived in Paris (1907-1914), absorbing influences from Debussy and Ravel.Returning to Spain, he composed his most famous works: the ballets 'El amor brujo' (Love, the Magician) and 'El sombrero de tres picos' (The T...