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English composer, arranger, and music teacher renowned for his orchestral suite The Planets.Holst studied at the Royal College of Music under Charles Villiers Stanford. He worked as a trombonist and music teacher, later becoming director of music at St Paul's Girls' School. His innovative compositions blended English folk traditions, Sanskrit influences, and modernism, achieving global fame with The Planets....

Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist renowned for integrating Eastern European folk music into modernist classical compositions.Born in Nagyszentmiklós, Kingdom of Hungary (now Romania).Studied at Royal Academy of Music in Budapest.Co-founded comparative ethnomusicology with Zoltán Kodály, collecting over 10,000 folk tunes.Emigrated to USA in 1940 due to political opposition to fascism.Composed major works including six string quartets, Mikrokosmos, and Concerto for Orchestra....

French composer and leading figure of musical Impressionism, known for his innovative harmonies and evocative soundscapes.Debussy entered Paris Conservatoire at age 10, won the Prix de Rome in 1884, and revolutionized Western music with works like 'Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune' and the opera 'Pelléas et Mélisande'. His harmonic language broke from tradition, using whole-tone scales, parallel chords, and atmospheric textures....

Soviet composer and pianist, among the most significant musical figures of the 20th century.Shostakovich studied at the Petrograd Conservatory, gaining early fame with his First Symphony. His career was marked by alternating Soviet state approval and condemnation, particularly following the 1936 denunciation of his opera 'Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk'. He composed 15 symphonies, 15 string quartets, concertos, film scores, and chamber works, often embedding covert dissent against totalitarianism th...

Gabriel Fauré was a highly influential French composer, organist, pianist, and teacher of the late Romantic and early modern eras. Renowned for his refined musical language, he is considered a crucial bridge between Romanticism and Impressionism.Born in Pamiers, Fauré studied at the École Niedermeyer in Paris. He served as a church organist for decades, notably at La Madeleine in Paris....

French composer and pianist, known for his minimalist, avant-garde works and eccentric personality.Born in Honfleur, France, Satie studied briefly at the Paris Conservatoire but found its approach stifling. He became a central figure in the avant-garde art scene of Montmartre and Montparnasse, composing influential piano pieces like the Gymnopédies and Gnossiennes. His ideas on simplicity, repetition, and functional music (furniture music) prefigured minimalism and ambient music....

French composer renowned for his exceptional orchestration, pianistic brilliance, and association with musical Impressionism, though he often distanced himself from the label.Born near the Spanish border in Ciboure, France, Ravel entered the Paris Conservatoire at 14. Despite early struggles for recognition and multiple Prix de Rome failures, he became a leading figure of his generation.A member of the avant-garde 'Les Apaches', his meticulously crafted works include the 'Pavane pour une infa...

Leonard Bernstein was a towering American composer, conductor, pianist, music educator, and author, renowned as one of the most significant and influential musical figures of the 20th century.Born in Massachusetts to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants, Bernstein studied at Harvard and the Curtis Institute. He achieved overnight fame in 1943 substituting for Bruno Walter as conductor of the New York Philharmonic. He served as the Philharmonic's Music Director from 1958 to 1969....

Sergei Prokofiev was a prolific and influential Russian and Soviet composer, pianist, and conductor, renowned for his distinctively modern and often dissonant musical style that incorporated elements of neoclassicism, romanticism, and sharp wit.Prokofiev displayed prodigious talent from childhood, entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory at age 13 where he studied composition with Rimsky-Korsakov. He gained early notoriety as an enfant terrible with avant-garde works. Following the Russian Re...

German composer and conductor of the late Romantic and early modern eras, renowned for his operas, tone poems, and lieder.Child prodigy who composed at age six. Premiered major works by 20. Revolutionized orchestral writing with tone poems like 'Don Juan' and 'Also sprach Zarathustra'....